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Publicación A eficientização do sistema de aproveitamento energético de resíduos municipais na empresa marca ambiental: repotenciação e cogeração(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Rodrigues Loyola, Lucas; Silveira Silva, Lucas Antônio; Pavan Vasconcellos, Átila; Soares Santos, osé Joaquim ConceiçãoA Marca Ambiental repotenciou o sistema de geração elétrica com biogás de aterro sanitário, substituindo o sistema a vapor de cerca de 1MW por três Motores de Combustão Interna (MCI) de 1MW cada. Para recuperar o calor residual dos gases de exaustão e da água de resfriamento, este trabalho visa estudar o aumento da eficiência na conversão termoelétrica do biogás, para repotenciação com ORCs (Ciclos Rankine Orgânico). O balanço energético mostrou que 34% da energia do biogás é convertida em eletricidade e 49,8% é perdida através dos gases de exaustão (25,2%) e água de resfriamento (24,6%), ou seja, um potencial de cogeração de quase 84%. A análise exergética mostrou que só 14,4% corresponde ao calor passível de gerar potência adicional por meio da repotenciação, 10,7% nos gases e 3,7% na água. A simulação da repotenciação com ORCs mostrou que é possível aumentar a eficiência para mais de 41,0%, produzindo 675 kW adicionais, uma repotenciação de cerca de 21%.Publicación A importância da soldadura de termoplásticos: um estudo de comparação de processos com caraterísticas distintas(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Trindade, Adelino; Guimarães, AndréTrês dos processos de soldadura mais utilizados na ligação de termoplásticos modernos foram analisados e comparados neste trabalho, concretamente a soldadura por gás quente (HGW), a soldadura por raio laser (LBW) e a soldadura por fricção (FSW). Os processos referidos foram utilizados na soldadura de vários materiais termoplásticos distintos, dando foco em apenas três desses materiais, tais como: polipropileno (PP), polietileno (PE) e policloreto de vinil (PVC). A qualidade obtida nas diferentes soldaduras foi avaliada recorrendo a uma análise visual, bem como através de ensaios de resistência à tração. Foram também realizados ensaios de dureza de Vickers às juntas soldadas, que revelaram algumas alterações microestruturais. O estudo efetuado teve como finalidade melhorar o conhecimento dos mecanismos envolvidos na execução dos processos de soldadura utilizados e na análise da resistência das juntas soldadas.Publicación A Multi-Response Optimization of Thrust Forces, Torques, and the Power of Tapping Operations by Cooling Air in Reinforced and Unreinforced Polyamide PA66(MDPI, 2018-03-20) Domingo Navas, María Rosario; Agustina Tejerizo, Beatriz De; Marín Martín, Marta MaríaThe use of cooling air during machining is an environmentally conscious procedure, and its applicability to different processes is a research priority. We studied tapping operations, an important operation in the assembly process, using cooling air with unreinforced polyamide (PA66) and polyamide reinforced with glass fiber (PA66-GF30). These materials are widely used in industry, but their behavior with respect to tapping has not been studied. We analyze the outcomes regarding the thrust force, torque, and power at cutting speeds between 15 and 60 m/min. The experimental tests were executed using cooling air at 22 °C, 2 °C, and −18 °C in dry conditions. The M12 × 1.75 mm taps were high-speed steel, with cobalt as the base material and coatings of TiN and AlCrN. To identify the more influential factors, an analysis of variance was performed, along with multi-response optimization to identify the desirability values. This optimization shows that the optimum for PA66can be found in environments close to 3 °C, while the optimum for PA66-GF30 is found at the minimal temperature studied (−18 °C). Thus, cooling air can be considered an adequate procedure for tapping operations, to increase the sustainability of the manufacturing processes.Publicación A new design of multi-tube receiver for Fresnel technology to increase the thermal performance(Elsevier, 2022-03-05) Abbas, Rubén; Montes Pita, María José; Barbero Fresno, Rubén; Rovira de Antonio, Antonio JoséSolar heat for industrial processes is a promising way to meet the high thermal demand required by the industry, while this application becomes an important niche market for solar technology. In this research line, it is proposed a novelty concept based on a rotary Fresnel solar collector to supply heat above 150 °C. This work is focused on the multi-tube receiver for this Fresnel collector, proposing a thermal design based on three criteria that can be generalized for any multi-tube receiver: the fluid flow layout is arranged to meet the symmetry of the solar flux map; the fluid circulates from the lower to the higher flux density zone; and the fluid velocity is modified by modifying the tube diameter, to optimize the heat transfer. Following these criteria, the final configuration of the receiver is chosen based on an exergy optimization, in which both heat loss and pressure drop must be quantified. It has been also accomplished a generalization of the optimization methodology for Fresnel collectors providing heat at different temperatures, showing that, in these cases, the configuration that maximizes the exergy efficiency does not correspond to the one with the highest energy efficiency. This thermal design method can be applied to multi-tube receivers working at higher temperatures in longer Fresnel loops, in which case the optimization will result in more marked differences between the optimal values and the standard ones.Publicación A new method for calculating conduction response factors for multilayer constructions based on frequency–Domain spline interpolation (FDSI) and asymptotic analysis(Elsevier, 2017-08-01) Sanza Pérez, Javier; Chicote, Manuel Andrés; Velasco Gómez, Eloy; Varela Díez, FernandoConduction heat transfer through building construction elements is one of the main components of space heating and cooling loads, and, thus, one of the key aspects when planning sustainable energy designs in the building sector. The Response Factors (RF) method sets the base for related dynamic calculations implemented by most well-known Building Energy Simulation (BES) software, and it represents a research topic of present interest. In this regard, this work introduces a new method for calculating conduction Response Factors in building multilayer constructions, based on the definition of an approximated wall model through Frequency–Domain Spline Interpolation (FDSI) and asymptotic analysis. Its conceptual development as well as first validations comparing with existing methods from previous literature are presented. Finally, as a result of applying a table-lookup approach and the possibility of pre-calculating most of the involved operations, an accurate, fast and easy-to-code algorithm is obtained, which constitutes a promising alternative to improve the current state-of-art calculation procedures.Publicación A New Thermodynamic Model to Approximate Properties of Subcritical Liquids(MDPI, 2023-06-29) Sánchez Orgaz, Susana; González Fernández, M. Celina; Varela Díez, Fernando; Rodríguez Laguna, JavierIn order to obtain the thermodynamic properties of compressed liquids, it is usual to consider them as incompressible systems, since liquids and solids are well represented by this thermodynamic model. Within this model, there are two usual hypotheses that can be derived in two different submodels: the strictly incompressible (SI) model, which supposes a constant specific volume 𝑣=𝑣0, and a more general model, called temperature-dependent incompressible (TDI) model, which relates a specific volume to temperature, 𝑣=𝑣(𝑇). But, usually, this difference ends here in the thermal equation of state, and only the SI model was developed for caloric and entropic equations. The aim of this work is to provide a complete formulation for the TDI model and show where it can be advantageously used rather than the SI model. The study concludes that the proposed model outperforms the traditional model in the study of subcritical liquid. One conceivable utilization of this model is its integration into certain thermodynamic calculation software packages (e.g., EES), which integrate the more elementary SI model into its code for certain incompressible substances.Publicación A novel energy conversion system based on supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton power cycle for power tower concentrating solar plants(Elsevier, 2020-02-09) Linares Hurtado, José Ignacio; Cantizano, Alexis; Sánchez, Consuelo; Montes Pita, María JoséPower tower concentrating solar plants with thermal energy storage will play a key role in the transition to a low carbon scenario, thanks to be a dispatchable renewable energy system. The ternary MgCl2/KCl/NaCl salt appears as one of the most promising due to its lower melting point, higher heat capacity, lower cost and stability up to 800 °C. A cavity-type receiver has been selected because minimizes radiation heat loss at high working temperatures, compared to an external-type receiver, since all commercial selective coatings degrade in air. Supercritical Brayton power cycle is chosen for the power block because it can surpass 50% efficiency, even when working in dry cooling conditions, and printed circuit heat exchangers are usually recommended due to its ability to support the high pressures. However, plugging/clogging issues arise in their small channels when using molten salts. This paper proposes a novel supercritical CO2 Bayton power cycle whose heat power is supplied through the low pressure side (over 85 bar) allowing the use of shell and tube heat exchangers, achieving a higher compactness and a lower investment. Thus, different options based on the recompression layout with intercooling and reheating have been investigated in both dry and wet cooling scenarios. Reheating is recommended for wet cooling, reaching 54.6% efficiency and an investment of 8662 $/kWe; intercooling with reheating is the best option for dry cooling, reaching 52.6% efficiency and an investment of 8742 $/kWe.Publicación A novel method for the determination of fatty acid esters in aqueous emulsion on Ti6Al4V surface with IRRAS and carbon quantification(Elsevier, 2018-12-01) Benedicto Bardolet, Elisabet; Carou Porto, Diego; Batlle, L.; Rubio Alvir, Eva MaríaA novel direct method based on infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and carbon elemental analysis has been developed for the quantitative determination of fatty acid ester on Ti6Al4V surface. The new approach involves the IR spectra and carbon analysis of a Ti6Al4V strip treated with a surfactant and ester emulsion adjusted to pH 9.2 with 2-aminoethanol. The results are dependent on the ester and surfactant concentration. The analytical signals are the integral value of the CH2 and CO signals of the IR spectra and the carbon content. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the analysis made directly on the metal surface allows knowing the film forming ability of the emulsion. The method may be useful for research and development of more environmentally friendly water-based metalworking fluids for the metal industry.Publicación A solar air-cooled high efficiency absorption system in dry hot climates: Reduction of water consumption and environmental impact(VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 2018) Lizarte, Raquel; Palacios Lorenzo, María Esther; Blanco Marigorta, Ana María; Marcos del Cano, José Daniel; Varela Díez, FernandoA solar cooling system with an optimized air-cooled double-effect water/LiBr absorption machine is proposed as a sustainable alternative to meet cooling demands in dry hot climates. This system allows eliminating the cooling towers in those regions of the planet where water is scarce. This work analyses the environmental benefits of this air-cooled system, as well as its environmental foot-prints, compared to a solar water-cooled single effect. In this regard, a methodology has been applied to calculate the annual saving in water consumption produced in a case study: a hospital located in Almería, in South of Spain. Further-more, the reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions is also quantified since this machine can be driven by solar energy and with higher efficiency than those of single effect.Publicación A unified concept of approximate and quasi efficient solutions and associated subdifferentials in multiobjective optimization(Springer Nature, 2020-11-18) Jiménez, B.; Luc, D. T.; Novo, V.; Huerga Pastor, LidiaIn this paper, we introduce some new notions of quasi efficiency and quasi proper efficiency for multiobjective optimization problems that reduce to the most important concepts of approximate and quasi efficient solutions given up to now. We establish main properties and provide characterizations for these solutions by linear and nonlinear scalarizations. With the help of quasi efficient solutions, a generalized subdifferential of a vector mapping is introduced, which generates a number of approximate subdifferentials frequently used in optimization in a unifying way. The generalized subdifferential is related to the classical subdifferential of real functions by the method of scalarization. An application of generalized subdifferential to express optimality conditions for quasi efficient solutions is also given.Publicación Acetylene absorption by ionic liquids: A multiscale analysis based on molecular and process simulation(Elsevier, 2018-10-02) Bedia, Jorge; Moreno, D.; Moya, C.; Riva Silva, Juan de; Larriba, M.; Palomar Herrero, José Francisco; Santiago Lorenzo, RubénA COSMO-based/Aspen Plus multiscale simulation methodology was used to evaluate a wide variety of ionic liquids (ILs), more than 300, as potential acetylene absorbents. First, by means of Conductor-like-Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) method, molecular simulations were conducted to select ILs with adequate thermodynamic (Henry’s law constants) and kinetic (diffusion coefficients) properties as acetylene absorbents, using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as benchmark industrial solvent for such solute absorption. Then, the operating units of acetylene absorption of an acetylene and argon mixture, and exhausted solvent regeneration were modeled in Aspen Plus. Simulations of absorption column using equilibrium based design model demonstrated that at least two ILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and acetate and sulfonate anions) present competitive solvent performance in acetylene absorption respect to DMF. In contrast, process analyses with a more realistic rate-based column model revealed that the mass transfer rate clearly controls the acetylene absorption with ILs compared to DMF, due to their viscosity differences. Finally, modeling solvent regeneration stage showed clear advantages of using ILs as acetylene absorbents since efficient acetylene recovery is achieved by flash distillation (vacuum pressure and temperature increase), operation hindered in the case of DMF due to is high volatility, requiring the solvent regeneration by a distillation equipment with higher operating and investment costs. Current COSMO-based/Aspen Plus approach has been demonstrated useful to perform preliminary analyses of the potential application of ILs in new separation processes, before starting with experimental essays, highly demanding in cost and time.Publicación Actuador rotativo de ultra bajo consumo basado en energía magnética potencial(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Albertos Cabañas, M.; Valiente Blanco, Ignacio; Sánchez Prieto, S.; López Pascual, Diego; Díez Jiménez, EfrenEn esta investigación se presenta un novedoso concepto de actuador rotativo que minimiza el consumo de potencia y energía para aplicaciones de posicionamiento de precisión. Dicho dispositivo se basa en el aprovechamiento de la energía magnética potencial almacenada entre imanes permanentes con polaridades enfrentadas que se repelen entre sí. Al combinar esta energía almacenada con un sistema de estabilización y control activo de la posición se consigue un dispositivo capaz de realizar cambios ultrarrápidos entre múltiples posiciones estables. Todo ello con un consumo energético minimizado en comparación con un dispositivo tradicional equivalente como un motor eléctrico. Se presenta el marco teórico para la operación de dicho dispositivo y su diseño detallado como actuador para una aplicación de rueda de filtros de un satélite espacial de observación. Se han calculado las prestaciones estimadas del dispositivo mediante modelos electromagnéticos de elementos finitos. Como se demuestra, el dispositivo podría permitir una reducción de la potencia nominal del dispositivo superior al 90% y del consumo energético superior al 78%, asegurando al mismo tiempo, un cambio ultrarrápido y preciso entre ocho posiciones angulares diferentes.Publicación Actuadores de rigidez variable en dispositivos robóticos de tipo exoesqueleto para entrenamiento de extremidad superior(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Rodríguez Torres, Jhon Alexander; Niño Suárez, Paola Andrea; Mauledoux Monroy, Mauricio FelipeEste documento presenta las propiedades y características esenciales que deben poseer los dispositivos de entrenamiento o rehabilitación, con las características descritas se plantea un sistema de actuación el cual consiste en elementos elásticos que permiten un desacople de impedancias mecánicas, con el fin de mejorar la seguridad intrínseca de los sistemas de actuación. Por otro lado, presenta una configuración de actuadores de rigidez variable, su modelo matemático, un control activo de bajo nivel, la simulación de cada etapa del sistema, la implementación del prototipo de actuación y la implementación del sistema junto al control de posición desarrollado. Todo relacionado a incentivar la investigación en el campo de actuadores de rigidez variable en dispositivos de entrenamiento o rehabilitación motora, ya a parte de mejorar la seguridad del dispositivo, permite realizar diversos tipos de entrenamiento.Publicación Adaptive model predictive control for electricity management in the household sector(Elsevier, 2022-05) Muñoz Gómez, Antonio Miguel; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Fernández Aznar, Gregorio; Galán Hernández, Noemi; Colmenar Santos, AntonioThis paper focuses on the optimisation of electricity consumption in residential buildings. To deal with the increase in electricity consumption, the intermittency of renewable energy generation and grid contingencies, a greater effort is required towards residential management optimisation. A novel adaptive model predictive control algorithm is proposed to achieve this objective. The challenges for this research included recognising and modelling the economic and technical constraints of the sources and appliances and addressing the uncertainties concerning the weather and user behaviour. Data-driven models are developed and trained to predict the user behaviour and buildings. Artificial neural networks and statistical models based on the weighted moving average are proposed to capture the patterns of deferrable and non-deferrable appliances, battery storage, electric vehicles, photovoltaic modules, buildings and grid connections. A dual optimisation method is devised to minimise the electricity bill and achieve thermal comfort. The proposed optimisation solver is a two-step optimisation method based on genetic algorithm and mixed integer linear programming. A comprehensive simulation study was carried out to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method through a set of simulation scenarios. The results of the quantitative analysis undertaken as part of this study show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm towards reducing electricity charges and improving grid elasticity.Publicación Advanced thermodynamic cycles for finite heat sources: proposals for closed and open heat sources applications(Elsevier, 2020) Sánchez, Consuelo; Rovira de Antonio, Antonio José; Muñoz Domínguez, Marta; Barbero Fresno, RubénThis paper analyses two non-conventional thermodynamic cycles designed to work with finite heat sources, which are suitable for maximum temperatures of about 400 °C. The Hybrid Rankine-Brayton (HRB) cycle fits well to closed heat sources and, in the paper, it is analysed considering its exergy efficiency and some requirements for the maximum and minimum temperature of the heat transfer fluid that feeds the cycle, obtaining promising results. The other one is a new proposal called Recuperated and Double Expanded (RDE) cycle, aimed to translate the good features of HRB from closed heat sources to open ones, where the performance of HRB is limited. Both cycles are compared to some reference ones. Results show that the HRB cycle is a good candidate for finite closed heat sources, particularly with maximum temperature around 400 °C and with temperature changes of the heat transfer fluid from 100 °C to 150 °C. The RDE cycle exhibits good performance for finite open heat sources with maximum temperatures between 200 °C and 400 °C, and it behaves similarly to tri-lateral cycles.Publicación Advances in solar thermal power plants based on pressurised central receivers and supercritical power cycles(Elsevier, 2023-07-28) Guedez Mata, Rafael; Linares Hurtado, José Ignacio; Reyes Belmonte, Miguel Ángel; Montes Pita, María JoséThis work addresses the comparative thermo-economic study of different configurations of solar thermal power plants, based on supercritical power cycles and pressurised central receiver systems. For all the cases examined, two innovations are introduced in the solar subsystem, compared to other similar studies. Firstly, the heat transfer fluid in the receiver is either a pressurised gas or a supercritical fluid. Secondly, the receiver is composed of compact structures performing as absorber panels, arranged in a radial configuration. The investigation considers different supercritical CO2 recompression cycles of 50 MWe, including a novel proposal of a directly coupled cycle with heat input downstream of the turbine. Furthermore, the study evaluates different heat transfer fluids in the receiver, specifically CO2, N2, and He, concluding that the former is preferred due to its better thermal performance. The main results show that an increase in the receiver inlet pressure yields to a reduction in its size, favouring the thermal efficiency but penalising the optical efficiency of the solar field. Therefore, optimal working pressures may exist for each configuration, depending on the operating temperature. When comparing the optimal configurations, it is observed that the plant based on the intercooling cycle demonstrates the highest overall efficiency, reaching 32.05%. At last, an economic analysis is conducted to assess the viability of the identified optimal configurations. In this regard, the plant based on the partial-cooling cycle exhibits the lowest levelised cost of electricity at 0.15 $/kWh. This is primarily due to its lower investment cost. The innovative directly coupled cycle follows closely with a cost of 0.17 $/kWh, driven by its high electricity production resulting from its low self-consumption.Publicación La Agenda 2030 de la ONU en la formación del ingeniero iberoamericano(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Mejeras Rastelli, Andrea; Cazzola Duarte, Gustavo; Pérez Arrieu, JuanEn este trabajo se pone de manifiesto el vínculo directo que existe entre el perfil del ingeniero iberoamericano y la necesidad de colaborar y cumplir con la Agenda 2030 de la ONU. Si se incorporan los ODS (Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible) al proceso de formación académica de los ingenieros, se estará modificando la visión socioeconómico-ambiental del profesional de la Ingeniería. Para ello el profesorado debe saber cómo hacerlo e involucrarse en el proceso. A ellos, entonces, debemos formar: a nuestros Docentes de la Carrera. De ese modo, sabiendo cómo adecuar sus Cátedras al aprendizaje del Desarrollo Sostenible basado en competencias, es de esperar que nuestros Ingenieros se apropien de una visión distinta del Planeta Tierra y sus habitantes.Publicación Aislamiento y caracterización de nano fibras de celulosa cristalina (CNF´s) a partir de Guadua Angustifolia Kunth (GAK).(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Fajardo Seminario, Jorge Isaac; Verdugo, Carlos O.; Paltan Zhingre, César Antonio; Zuluaga Gallego, Robin OctavioEl presente trabajo tiene como objetivo aislar y caracterizar nanofibras de celulosa cristalina a partir de una especie tropical de bambú denominada guadua angustifolia. Se desarrolló una metodología de extracción de las nanofibras que incluyen: i) un pretratamiento termomecánico mediante explosión de vapor, ii) una fase de hidrólisis ácida, y iii) una fase de desintegración. Las nanofibras fueron evaluadas por su morfología (SEM) y (AFM), grupos funcionales (FTIR), degradación térmica (TGA) e índice de cristalinidad (XRD). Los diámetros de las nanofibras están en el rango desde 20 a 60 nm. El análisis FTIR determinó una efectiva remoción de grupos funcionales característicos de compuestos no celulósicos como lignina y hemicelulosa. Las nanofibras mostraron mayor estabilidad térmica con relación a las microfibras. El índice de cristalinidad fue de alrededor del 75% evidenciando la efectividad de la metodología para obtener nanocelulosa cristalina.Publicación Algoritmo de Identificação de Obstrução de Sinal de GNSS para Agricultura de Precisão Handel(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Peres, Handel Emanuel Natividade; Bonacini, Leonardo; Luiz Tronco, Mario; Becker, Marcelo; Medeiros, Vivian SuzanoO GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) vem sendo pesquisado como instrumento de auxílio em máquinas agrícolas desde meados da década de 90. Utiliza-se ele, principalmente, em conjunto com outros sensores na agricultura de precisão para o planejamento, mapeamento e execução das tarefas na lavoura, o que resulta em um expressivo aumento da produtividade e maior eficiência dos processos. Entretanto, a obstrução do sinal de GPS é um problema comum que pode levar a erros no posicionamento. Neste contexto, o presente artigo coletou dados de GNSS em uma lavoura de cana de açúcar com um robô terrestre e a partir da análise exploratória dos dados, por meio de gráficos de dispersão, diagramas de caixa e coeficientes de correlação, propõe um algoritmo de classificação para identificar a existência de obstrução do sinal de GNSS e, deste modo, selecionar o melhor método de navegação para tais condições, diminuindo as chances de acidentes na lavouraPublicación Análise da eficiência de conversão de energia a partir do VIV(['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica'], 2022) Melo, Tiago de; Goulart, Jhon Nero Vaz; Pinto, André Murilo de AlmeidaO objetivo deste artigo é investigar as características e potencialidades das interações fluido-mecânica na conversão de energia, focando no fenômeno de vibrações induzidas por vórtices (VIV), em um cilindro rígido montado em apoio elástico com um grau de liberdade. Nesse sentido, uma análise de modelos físicos do fenômeno e sua sensibilidade aos parâmetros do sistema são estudados como uma alternativa para geração de energia. Os principais resultados desta análise revelam que os sistemas de conversão baseados no VIV são caracterizados por uma baixa eficiência de conversão de energia, consideravelmente abaixo das turbinas eólicas tradicionais. No entanto, também foi destacado como esse fenômeno pode ser estudado em baixas velocidades de escoamento do fluido. Observou-se que a resposta de amplitude máxima e a eficiência de conversão acontecem com a mesma velocidade reduzida, em torno de 5,5. Pode ser notado, quanto o menor for o amortecimento, o sistema experimenta uma maior resposta de amplitude, porém a eficiência de conversão é baixa.