Surface Mechanical Effects ofWildfires on Rocks in Climbing Areas

Yeste-Lizán, Pablo, Gomez-Heras, Miguel, García-Rodríguez, Manuel, Pérez-López, Raúl, Carcavilla, Luis y Ortega-Becerril, Jose A. . (2023) Surface Mechanical Effects ofWildfires on Rocks in Climbing Areas. Fire, 2023, 6, 46

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Título Surface Mechanical Effects ofWildfires on Rocks in Climbing Areas
Autor(es) Yeste-Lizán, Pablo
Gomez-Heras, Miguel
García-Rodríguez, Manuel
Pérez-López, Raúl
Carcavilla, Luis
Ortega-Becerril, Jose A.
Materia(s) Ciencias
Abstract Wildfires are widely recognized as a cause of mechanical damage to rocks. Nevertheless, previous research has neglected how wildfires might impact sport climbing areas. In Spain, two large wildfires affected two climbing areas between 2020 and 2021. This paper addresses the rock mechanical effects of wildfires that could lead to safety issues, such as rock falls, climbing hold deterioration, and climbing anchor damage. In this study, the Non-Destructive Techniques (NDTs) of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Schmidt Hammer (SH) were used, and two types of measurements were carried out: randomized grid measurements and measurements along the climbing routes. Two phenomena were recognized: (a) thermal breakdown and (b) mineralogical changes. The results of using the SH show a relationship between the decrease in the rebound value and the observed mechanical damage. Field observations showed mechanical weathering, such as cracking, spalling, granular disaggregation, and thermochemical weathering with different temperature thresholds. Observed thermochemical reactions included reddening, CaCO3 calcination, rock decomposition, and quartz cracking. The set of changes involves a major rock outcrop transformation and an acceleration of fire-induced weathering processes. Both areas exhibited more effects at the bottom of the wall. Furthermore, in this paper, we explore how iconic climbing routes can be considered a form of cultural heritage and the consequences of their loss.
Palabras clave wildfires
rock weathering
hazards
risk perception
rock hardness
ultrasound pulse velocity
sport climbing
Editor(es) MDPI
Fecha 2023
Formato application/pdf
Identificador bibliuned:DptoCA-FCIE-Articulos-Mgarcia-0005
http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/view/bibliuned:DptoCA-FCIE-Articulos-Mgarcia-0005
DOI - identifier https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020046
ISSN - identifier 2571-6255
Nombre de la revista Fire
Número de Volumen 6
Número de Issue 46
Publicado en la Revista Fire, 2023, 6, 46
Idioma eng
Versión de la publicación publishedVersion
Tipo de recurso Article
Derechos de acceso y licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Tipo de acceso Acceso abierto
Notas adicionales The registered version of this article, first published in Fire, is available online at the publisher's website: MDPI, https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020046
Notas adicionales La versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en Fire, está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: MDPI, https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020046

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Creado: Thu, 25 Jan 2024, 20:22:40 CET